Social Determinants of Health

Understanding the Meaning and Impact of Social Determinants of Health

Social determinants of health (SDOH) describe the conditions in which individuals are born, live, learn, work, and age—factors that significantly influence overall health and quality of life. The concept emphasizes that good health depends not only on medical care but also on broader social, economic, and environmental influences. In simple terms, what are social determinants of health refers to the non-medical factors that shape individual and community well-being. These determinants are commonly categorized into five domains: economic stability, education, social and community context, health and healthcare, and neighborhood and built environment—each crucial for addressing disparities in health outcomes.

Beyond Medical Interventions: Why SDOH Are Essential

Traditional medicine focuses primarily on treating diseases, while SDOH in healthcare expands this approach by recognizing how living conditions, environment, and social context affect health outcomes. By addressing these determinants, healthcare systems can reduce preventable hospital visits, improve management of chronic illnesses, and enhance population health. Access to nutritious food, safe housing, stable employment, and community support are among the key elements influencing patient well-being. Consequently, hospitals, policymakers, and organizations are increasingly embedding SDOH principles into public health strategies to promote equity and reduce health gaps.

The Expanding Focus on SDOH Research and Solutions

As awareness of social factors in health grows, the market for SDOH-based initiatives is rapidly developing. Health systems, payers, and technology providers are investing in innovative SDOH solutions that help identify and address patients’ social needs. Continued research explores how tackling social challenges—such as food insecurity or housing instability—can lead to better health outcomes and lower care costs. Data-driven models and social health indicators now play a key role in helping organizations understand risk factors and design effective interventions.

Conclusion

Achieving true health equity requires looking beyond hospitals and clinics to the social realities that shape people’s lives. By embracing the principles of Social determinants of health (SDOH), applying comprehensive SDOH solutions, and deepening understanding of what are social determinants of health, healthcare systems can move toward preventive, equitable, and community-centered models that foster lasting health improvements for all.