Overview of Haemoptysis
Haemoptysis refers to the coughing up of blood or blood-streaked sputum from the respiratory tract, often originating from the lungs or bronchial tubes. While it can be a symptom of a benign condition, it may also indicate a more serious underlying issue. Timely diagnosis and appropriate treatment are crucial.
Causes and Symptoms of Haemoptysis
Haemoptysis, or coughing up blood, may indicate a range of underlying medical conditions, from minor respiratory issues to severe systemic diseases. Identifying its causes and symptoms is vital for timely intervention and effective treatment.
Causes of Haemoptysis
1. Infections:
- Bronchitis: Inflamed bronchial tubes can lead to blood-tinged sputum.
- Pneumonia: Infection in the lungs may cause irritation and bleeding.
- Tuberculosis (TB): A chronic bacterial infection often associated with haemoptysis in later stages.
2. Chronic Respiratory Conditions:
- Bronchiectasis: Permanent enlargement of parts of the airways can cause frequent infections and bleeding.
- Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD): Damage to lung structures may lead to blood in sputum, especially during flare-ups.
- Cystic Fibrosis: Mucus buildup and lung infections may trigger haemoptysis.
Haemoptysis symptoms often depend on the underlying condition and may include:
1. Visible Blood in Sputum:
- Blood-streaked or rust-colored mucus.
- Bright red or frothy blood (in severe cases).
2. Respiratory Symptoms:
- Persistent cough, often worsened by bleeding.
- Shortness of breath or wheezing.
- Chest pain, especially with infections or lung trauma.
3. Systemic Symptoms:
- Fever, chills, or night sweats (often seen with infections).
- Fatigue, unintentional weight loss (indicative of chronic illnesses like tuberculosis or cancer).
